The Israel-Gaza conflict has long been one of the most intractable disputes in the modern era, rooted in historical grievances, territorial disputes, and deep-seated animosities. Over the years, this conflict has manifested in recurrent cycles of violence, devastating lives on both sides of the border. The most recent escalation has once again underscored the urgent need for a durable resolution that addresses both immediate security concerns and the broader issues fuelling the discord.
The upcoming ceasefire announced on 15 January 2025 offers some hope amidst the prevailing despair. Though often fragile, Ceasefires serve as critical first steps in de-escalating violence and creating space for diplomatic engagement. This ceasefire has drawn significant international attention due to its timing and the involvement of key global leaders, including former U.S. President Donald Trump and current President Joe Biden. While President Trump commended the ceasefire as “a historic step towards lasting peace,” President Biden voiced caution, emphasizing that “lasting peace requires more than temporary agreements—it demands addressing root causes and ensuring justice for all parties.” (Hindu, 2025)
A recent Politico article by Jamie Dettmer highlighted the debate over credit for the ceasefire. President Biden dismissed the idea that former President Trump deserved credit, calling it a “joke.” However, Trump quickly claimed the breakthrough was due to his “historic victory” in the November election, asserting his incoming administration’s focus on peace paved the way for the deal. Dettmer noted that while Biden’s team played a critical role in shaping the agreement, Trump’s remarks and the efforts of his future special envoy, Steve Witkoff may have influenced the final push. This underscores the complexities of the diplomatic process and the intertwined contributions of multiple actors. (Eu, 2025)
The potential cessation of hostilities brings relief to millions who have endured relentless bombings, blockades, and rocket fire, signalling the possibility of a more stable and secure environment. However, the contradictory statements from U.S. leaders highlight the complexities surrounding the agreement, with divergent perspectives on its viability and long-term impact.
Historically, ceasefire agreements between Israel and Gaza have been characterized by their impermanence. Several temporary truces have been brokered through third-party mediators such as Egypt, Qatar, and the United Nations. While successfully reducing immediate violence, these agreements have frequently collapsed under the weight of mistrust, provocations, and unaddressed political and territorial disputes. The fragile nature of past accords highlights the challenges that lie ahead for this latest effort and the lessons that must be learned to ensure a more enduring peace.
The significance of this ceasefire extends beyond the immediate cessation of violence. It is a moment for hope offers an opportunity for the international community to intensify efforts toward a broader, more sustainable resolution to the conflict. It is not easy for two opposing ideologies to accept the deal, the path forward is fraught with obstacles, including entrenched political divisions, ongoing security concerns, and the potential for spoilers on both sides. As the region braces for this critical juncture, the world watches with cautious optimism, recognizing the high stakes for all involved.
A Look into Recent Past
The recent escalation in hostilities between Israel and Gaza has been marked by a series of violent confrontations that have caused widespread devastation. A triggering event was the increased tension surrounding disputed religious sites in Jerusalem, which ignited protests and clashes. This quickly escalated into a full-scale conflict, with Hamas launching rockets into Israeli territory and Israel responding with airstrikes targeting Gaza. The violence has resulted in significant casualties, destruction of infrastructure, and displacement of families.
A historical timeline of key events highlights the escalation:
- October 7, 2023: A significant terror attack in Israel by Hamas triggered a swift and forceful military response.
- November 2023 – March 2024: Periodic clashes escalate as efforts to mediate a ceasefire fail repeatedly.
- July 2024: Egypt and Qatar intensify diplomatic efforts to broker a truce, leading to temporary reductions in violence.
- January 15, 2025: Israel and Hamas announced a ceasefire agreement, facilitated by Qatar and Egypt, scheduled to take effect on January 19, 2025.
Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza Strip are the major stake holders. Over the last almost one and a half year, the hostilities have expended to Hezbollah, Houthis and have included Russia, China and Iran. The entire Middle East and the world powers have become stake holders. On Israel’s side, the government aims to ensure national security and protect its citizens from rocket attacks while also addressing broader geopolitical concerns. Hamas, on the other hand, seeks to challenge Israeli policies and assert its political authority within the Palestinian territories. Other key players include regional mediators such as Egypt and Qatar and international actors like the United Nations and the United States, who have played crucial roles in attempting to de-escalate the conflict and broker ceasefires.
The humanitarian impact of the ongoing violence has been catastrophic. In Gaza, airstrikes have led to a high number of civilian casualties, including women and children, and have caused widespread damage to homes, schools, and hospitals. The blockade on Gaza has exacerbated the crisis, strict control and denial of essential supplies such as food, water, and medical aid. In Israel, rocket attacks have killed and injured civilians, damaged infrastructure, and caused psychological trauma, particularly in communities near the Gaza border. The humanitarian toll underscores the urgency of a ceasefire that is likely save losses of life and property in the region. (UNICEF, 2025)
Public Sentiment in Israel and Gaza
In Gaza, the news of the agreement has been met with widespread relief and celebration. After 15 months of relentless bombing, residents are hopeful for respite from the violence. While cautious optimism prevails, many Palestinians emphasize the need to address the underlying causes of the conflict, including the blockade and territorial disputes. People have come out to celebrate the news of the forthcoming ceasefire.(Khan, 2025)
In Israel, reactions have been more mixed. While many welcome the reduction in rocket attacks and the prospect of restored security, scepticism remains regarding Hamas’ commitment to maintaining the truce. Some Israelis view the ceasefire as a temporary measure insufficient to resolve the broader conflict. The families of the hostages have expressed happiness, while there is a grumble in the Israeli cabinet. On January 16, 2025, Reuters reported from Jerusalem that Israel’s hardline National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir said that he would resign from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government if it ratifies the ceasefire deal in Gaza, which he has vehemently opposed. (Reuters, 2025) The Israeli cabinet has taken up the matter for discussion in the parliament. The entire world is in ‘wait-and-watch’ mode and is praying for cessation of hostilities.
Regional and Global Reactions:
Neighbouring countries such as Egypt and Qatar, which played pivotal roles in brokering the agreement, have lauded the ceasefire as a critical step toward de-escalation. Egypt’s foreign ministry emphasized the importance of building on this momentum to achieve a comprehensive peace. (Schaer, 2025)
Internationally, major powers and organizations have welcomed the ceasefire but stressed the need for sustained efforts to address the conflict’s root causes. The United Nations Secretary-General urged all parties to adhere to the agreement and called for increased humanitarian assistance to Gaza. Speaking to reporters at UN Headquarters, António Guterres commended mediators Egypt, Qatar and the United States for their dedicated efforts in brokering the agreement. (News, 2025)
Lessons from Past Ceasefires
Examining previous ceasefire agreements between Israel and Gaza offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of the current truce. Historically, ceasefires have been undermined by factors such as mistrust, provocation, and lack of enforcement mechanisms. Key lessons include:
- Importance of Strong Mediation: Effective mediators with credibility and leverage over both parties are essential for negotiating and maintaining agreements.
- Need for Monitoring and Accountability: Independent mechanisms to monitor compliance and address violations are critical to building trust and ensuring adherence to the terms.
- Addressing Root Causes: Sustainable peace requires addressing underlying issues, including territorial disputes, security concerns, and humanitarian needs.
Conclusion
The upcoming ceasefire between Israel and Gaza represents a crucial opportunity to reduce violence, alleviate humanitarian suffering, and create conditions for a more comprehensive peace process. However, its success will depend on addressing significant challenges, including political divisions, mistrust, and the influence of external actors. The world community must remain vigilant and proactive in supporting the implementation and sustainability of the agreement, recognizing that lasting peace requires more than a temporary cessation of hostilities—it demands a commitment to justice, reconciliation, and the pursuit of a shared future for Israelis and Palestinians.
